Рефераты по теме Вне категорий
Реферат Альфред Маршалл, 1842-1924
Скачать реферат↓ [18.71 KB]
Текст реферата Альфред Маршалл, 1842-1924
The Czech RepublicTransitional Success
USSR to EU
Public finance policy issues during the political
economic transition from centrally planned socialist
economics to free market democratic capitalism.
V550 Dr. Mikesell
November 20, 1996
Rick Ferguson [email protected]
Eric Martin [email protected]
Dmitri Maslitchenko [email protected]
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Political Summary: Restructuring for Transition
III. Transition to Market Economy: 1990 1991
IV. Problems of Transitional Monetary Policy and the Financial
Sector: An Overview
V. Macro Economic Stability: 1993 present
VI. Monetary Policy: 1993
VII. Intergovernmental Financial Relations
VIII. Budgetary Overview: 1993 present
IX. Tax Reform
X. Current Political Economic Considerations: 1996
XI. The EU and NATO
XII. Conclusions
XIII. References
Introduction
In 1989, after nearly 40 years of Soviet control, Czechoslovakia once
again became an independent nation, the Czech and Slovak Federalist
Republic. This transition from Soviet socialism to democracy
culminated throughout Central and Eastern Europe with the literal
collapse of the Berlin Wall in East Germany, the heroic Gdansk
Shipyard Strikes in Poland. The student and worker protests in Prague
and Budapest were no less important.
The Czechoslovakian revolution took place peacefully and over a much
longer period of time than events in other former Soviet Union or
Warsaw Pact nations. Hints of major reform in Czechoslovakia began as
early as 1968. Czechoslovakian officials, under Soviet power, moved
incrementally to begin the long road towards decentralization and
independent Czechoslovakian rule. Their increasingly effective efforts
became known as the Prague Spring, a time of growth, change and
development.
Success was, of course, neither immediate nor easy to achieve. The
Cold War reached a pinnacle in the Eighties and the winds of change
began to blow in Central and Eastern Europe. The CEE nations endured
many hardships. Soviet oppression, though waning by this time, became
largely unbearable. Change in Czechoslovakia came from the ground up;
dissidents quietly began to return to popular power. The revolution
gained momentum by 1989. ‘ Revolutionists’ began to demand
sweeping economic and political reform. They were backed by well
organized and very timely strikes and protests. After a two hour
general strike on November 27, 1989, proving the immediate and
widespread power and cohesion of the revolution, the Soviet controlled
authorities finally agreed to negotiate.
Through the negotiation process and threat of further massive general
strikes, former dissidents assumed officially sanctioned ‘
concessional’ positions. Within months, they gained near
complete (and very real) control of the Federal Assembly. On December
29, 1989, Mr. Havel, a very famous and popular Czech