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Реферат A Country Report and Profile - Republic of Uzbekistan

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A Country Report and Profile
Presented By:
Alfiya G. Mirzagalamova [email protected]
Jason C. Holman jholman@indinanaedu
Dmitri Maslitchenko [email protected]
The concept of transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the market
economy consists of five principles formulated by its President Islam
Karimov:
1. Economy should have priority over politics. Economic reforms
should not follow the lead of political processes.
2. The State is the main reformer. The representatives of legally
elected authorities have to determine priorities and pursue balanced
policy of no social shocks.
3. Along with economic reforms it is necessary to create a system of
social protection of the Republic population especially of most
vulnerable groups.
4. Superiority of Law and Constitution.
5. Stage by stage movement to the market economy. The transition to
next stage only after the current stage targets have been met..
Pomfret, Richard. The Economies of Central Asia. Copyright 1995 by
Princeton University Press. I. Political and Economic
Background
Politics
To understand the politics of Uzbekistan it is important to delve
into it = s most recent history. The leader from 1959-1983 was Sharaf
Rashidov, who ruled in a quasifeudal fashion, much like the newly
elected leader. Rashidov kept the USSR content through a combination
of patronage, corruption, and repressive behavior. Once Mikhail
Gorbachev was elected, Rashidov was the prime target for his drive to
eliminate corruption. Although there was an upsurge of national
identity among the Uzbeks and a feeling of victimization by the
thousands of corrupt officials who where soon imprisoned, incredibly
through more repression the elections for new leaders would go
unopposed. The Republic of Uzbekistan declared its independence from
the former Soviet Union on August 31, 1991. Although it was not
recognized by the United States until December 25, 1992. Uzbekistan is
a member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Independent
States (CIS). Although Glasnost led to many open media discussions of
the environment and ethnic issues, the elections held in 1990 were
onesided. The main opposition party was not allowed to stand,
therefore leaving many communist candidates to be elected. Islam
Karimov was first elected President in 1990 by the Supreme Soviet and
later was reelected by a popular vote in 1991.
In 1995 Karimov held a national referendum which would extend his
term into the year 2000. He had 99% of the electorate = s support.
Karimov proclaims he is a supporter of A Eastern Democracy. @ He
stresses the importance of stability of eastern democracy over it = s
western counterpart. The stability that Karimov suggests many believe
is just a ploy for Karimov to use his dictatorship power to cling to
the old world status. Karimov is one of the strongest supporters of
continued cooperation among the Soviet Republics. Karimov supported
the new Union Treaty in spring of 1991 and did